✶short final [i], [u] became [e], [o]; [-S{ĭŭ}] > [-S{eo}]
References ✧ PE19/100
Phonetic Rule Elements
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✧ PE19/100 (ĭ > ĕ; finally) |
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✧ PE19/100 (ŭ > ŏ; finally) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| ajri > ajre | -Sĭ > -Se | √AYA > Q. airi- | ✧ PE17/149 |
| api > ape | -Sĭ > -Se | √apa > Q. ape | ✧ VT44/26 |
| auri > aure | -Sĭ > -Se | √ur- > Q. aure | ✧ PE17/120 |
| auri > aure | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶aurĭ- > Q. aure | ✧ PE17/148 |
| auri > aure | -Sĭ > -Se | √ur- > Q. aurë | ✧ SA/ur |
| auri > aure | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶aurĭ- > S. aur | ✧ PE17/148 |
| bani > bane | -Sĭ > -Se | √BAN > Q. vane | ✧ PE17/56 |
| barani > barane | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶barani > Q. *varnë | ✧ PE21/81 |
| danmi > danme | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶danmi > Q. lanwe | ✧ VT48/32 |
| duini > duine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶duini > S. duin | ✧ VT48/24 |
| -eiti > -eite | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶-iti > eiti > Q. íte | ✧ PE22/155 |
| gajri > gajre | -Sĭ > -Se | √GAYA > Q. airë | ✧ PM/363 |
| glawari > glaware | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶glawarĭ > Q. laure | ✧ PE21/81 |
| gwini > gwine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶wĭnĭ > Q. wine | ✧ VT47/26 |
| imbi > imbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶imbĭ > Q. imbĕ | ✧ PE17/92 |
| imbi > imbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶imbi > Q. imbe | ✧ VT47/11 |
| imbi > imbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶imbĭ > Q. imbĕ | ✧ VT47/30 |
| imbi > imbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶imbi > imm > S. im | ✧ VT47/14 |
| inīdeni > inīdene | -Sĭ > -Se | √NID > S. eniðen | ✧ PE22/165 |
| -iŋki > -iŋke | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶nki > -inke > Q. -inque | ✧ VT49/51 |
| -jeiti > -jeite | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶-iti > [y]eiti > Q. éte | ✧ PE22/155 |
| karaiti > karaite | -Sĭ > -Se | √KAR > Q. karaite | ✧ PE22/155 |
| karani > karane | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶karani > Q. carne | ✧ PE22/152 |
| karani > karane | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶carani- > S. caran | ✧ VT41/10 |
| kiríssi > kirísse | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶kirissi > ᴸN. criss | ✧ PE21/81 |
| kjawathāni > kjawathāne | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶kjawathāni > S. cawathon | ✧ PE22/152 |
| kjawi > kjawe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶kyawĭ > tyawe > Q. tyave | ✧ PE22/152 |
| kjawi > kjawe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶kjawĭ > S. caw | ✧ PE22/152 |
| kjawini > kjawine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶kyawini > kawin(e) > S. cewin | ✧ PE22/152 |
| lani > lane | -Sĭ > -Se | √(G)LAN > Q. lane | ✧ VT42/8 |
| lepettaroni > lepettarone | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶lepeth-ron > S. lebethron | ✧ PE17/89 |
| limbi > limbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶lĭmbĭ > Q. limbe | ✧ PE17/18 |
| limbi > limbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶limbi > limb > S. lim(m) | ✧ NM/285 |
| limbi > limbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶lĭmbĭ > S. lim | ✧ PE17/18 |
| limi > lime | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶limi > Q. #lime | ✧ VT47/6 |
| limi > lime | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶limi > S. #lif | ✧ VT47/6 |
| liŋkwi > liŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶liŋkwi > Q. linque | ✧ NM/284 |
| liŋkwi > liŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶liŋkwi > S. limp | ✧ NM/284 |
| līri > līre | -Sĭ > -Se | √LIR > Q. līrĭ- | ✧ PE17/67 |
| lissi > lisse | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶lissĭ- > Q. lisse | ✧ PE17/154 |
| lossi > losse | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶lossĭ > Q. losse | ✧ PE17/161 |
| luini > luine | -Sĭ > -Se | √LUY > Q. luine | ✧ VT48/23 |
| luini > luine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶luini > Q. luine | ✧ VT48/24 |
| luini > luine | -Sĭ > -Se | √LUY > S. Luin | ✧ VT48/23 |
| luini > luine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶luini > S. luin | ✧ VT48/24 |
| magiti > magite | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶magiti- > Q. Maiti- | ✧ VT41/10 |
| mailiki > mailike | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶máiliki > S. maelig | ✧ PE21/80 |
| maki > make | -Sĭ > -Se | √MAK > Q. make | ✧ VT39/11 |
| maksi > makse | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mahsi > Q. makse | ✧ PE21/70 |
| mālimi > mālime | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mā-limi > Q. málime | ✧ VT47/6 |
| mālimi > mālime | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mā-limi > S. molif | ✧ VT47/6 |
| mīri > mīre | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mīrĭ > Q. míre | ✧ PE17/165 |
| mīri > mīre | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mīrĭ > S. mîr | ✧ PE17/165 |
| miruwōri > miruwōre | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶miru̯(a)-wōrĭ > Q. miruvórë | ✧ PE17/38 |
| mori > more | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mori > Q. more | ✧ Let/382 |
| mori > more | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mori > S. môr | ✧ Let/382 |
| mori > more | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶mori > S. môr | ✧ NM/279 |
| ndabi > ndabe | -Sĭ > -Se | √ndab > Q. nave | ✧ VT42/34 |
| ndīli > ndīle | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶ndīli > Q. níle | ✧ PE21/86 |
| netti > nette | -Sĭ > -Se | √net > S. neth | ✧ VT47/33 |
| nettʰi > nettʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶netthi > Q. nette | ✧ VT47/33 |
| nettʰi > nettʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | √NETH > S. neth | ✧ VT47/14 |
| nettʰi > nettʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶netthi > S. neth | ✧ VT47/33 |
| nidini > niðine | -Sĭ > -Se | √NID > S. niðin | ✧ PE22/165 |
| nimbi > nimbe | -Sĭ > -Se | AT. nimbi > S. nim | ✧ PE17/19 |
| nimpi > nimpe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶nimpĭ > S. nimp | ✧ VT48/18 |
| niŋkwi > niŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | √NIK > Q. ninque | ✧ PE17/168 |
| niŋkwi > niŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | √NIK > S. nimp | ✧ PE17/168 |
| poli > pole | -Sĭ > -Se | √POL > Q. poli- | ✧ PE17/181 |
| pori > pore | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶pori > ᴹQ. pore | ✧ Ety/POR |
| pʰaini > pʰaine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶phaini > S. faen | ✧ NM/237 |
| pʰairi > pʰaire | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶phai-rĭ > Q. fairë | ✧ NM/237 |
| pʰarani > pʰarane | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶pharan- > Q. ‽fărnĭ | ✧ PE17/83 |
| pʰilíŋki > pʰilíŋke | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶philinkĭ > ᴸN. flinc | ✧ PE21/81 |
| pʰimbi > pʰimbe | -Sĭ > -Se | √PHIM > Q. fimbi- | ✧ PE17/23 |
| pʰimbi > pʰimbe | -Sĭ > -Se | √PHIM > S. fim | ✧ PE17/23 |
| pʰini > pʰine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶phini- > S. fîn | ✧ PM/362 |
| sereki > sereke | -Sĭ > -Se | √SEREK > Q. serke | ✧ PE17/184 |
| skejeiti > skejeite | -Sĭ > -Se | √SKEY > Q. xiéte | ✧ PE22/155 |
| slimbi > slimbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶slimbi > Q. hlimbë | ✧ NM/284 |
| slimbi > slimbe | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶slimbi > S. lhim | ✧ NM/284 |
| ṣpini > ṣpine | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶spini- > S. esbin | ✧ PE17/17 |
| ṣpini > ṣpine | -Sĭ > -Se | √SPIN-ID > S. esbin | ✧ PE17/119 |
| spini > spine | -Sĭ > -Se | √SPIN- > S. fin- | ✧ PE17/17 |
| sūl > sūle | -Sĭ > -Se | √sū > S. sûl | ✧ NM/237 |
| sūli > sūle | -Sĭ > -Se | √SŪ > S. sūl | ✧ PE17/124 |
| sūri > sūre | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶sūri > Q. súrë | ✧ NM/237 |
| sūri > sūre | -Sĭ > -Se | √SUR(U) > Q. sūrĕ | ✧ PE17/62 |
| sūri > sūre | -Sĭ > -Se | √SŪ > Q. sūre | ✧ PE17/124 |
| tatʰari > tatʰare | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶taþā̆rĭ- > S. tathar | ✧ PE17/81 |
| tʰindi > θinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶thindi- > Q. sinde | ✧ PE17/141 |
| tʰindi > θinidā | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶thĭndĭ > Q. sinde | ✧ PE17/141 |
| tʰāni > tʰāne | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶thānĭ- > Q. th-/sāne- | ✧ PE17/81 |
| tʰāni > tʰāne | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶thānĭ- > S. thaun | ✧ PE17/81 |
| tʰindi > tʰinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶þindĭ- > S. thind | ✧ PE17/140 |
| -vuiti > -vuite | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶-iti > -vuiti > Q. oite | ✧ PE22/155 |
| -woiti > -woite | -Sĭ > -Se | ✶-iti > [w]oiti > Q. aite | ✧ PE22/155 |
| indu > indo | -Sŭ > -So | ✶indu > ind > S. inn | ✧ PE22/165 |
| kuru > kuro | -Sŭ > -So | √kuru- > Q. kuro | ✧ VT41/10 |
| lubbu > lubbo | -Sŭ > -So | ✶lubbŭ > Q. luppo | ✧ PE19/92 |
| rusku > rusko | -Sŭ > -So | √(u)rus > Q. rusko | ✧ VT41/10 |
| slūbu > slūbo | -Sŭ > -So | ✶slūbŭ > hlūvo > Q. lūvo | ✧ PE21/82 |
| srugu > srugo | -Sŭ > -So | √srugu > Q. hruo | ✧ PE17/115 |
| tumbu > tumbo | -Sŭ > -So | ✶tumbu > Q. Tumbo | ✧ NM/351 |
| tumbu > tumbo | -Sŭ > -So | ✶tumbu > S. Tum | ✧ NM/351 |
| turúŋku > turuŋko | -Sŭ > -So | ✶turunku > S. trunc | ✧ PE21/80 |
| uruku > uruko | -Sŭ > -So | ✶urku/uruku > Q. urko | ✧ WJ/390 |
| uruku > uruko | -Sŭ > -So | ✶urku/uruku > S. urug | ✧ WJ/390 |
ᴹ✶short final [i], [u] became [e], [o]; [-S{ĭŭ}] > [-S{eo}]
Reference ✧ PE19/60
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| ari > are | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ari- > ᴹQ. are | ✧ Ety/AR¹ |
| ari > are | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ari- > N. ar- | ✧ Ety/AR¹ |
| barani > barane | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√BARÁN > ᴹQ. varne | ✧ Ety/BARÁN |
| barani > barane | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√BARÁN > ON. barane | ✧ Ety/BARÁN |
| dōmi > dōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶dōmi- > Ilk. dûm | ✧ Ety/DOMO |
| dōmi > dōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > ᴹQ. lóme | ✧ Ety/DOƷ |
| dōmi > dōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶dōmi- > ᴹQ. lóme | ✧ Ety/DOMO |
| dōmi > dōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶dōmi > ᴹQ. lōme | ✧ SD/302 |
| dōmi > dōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶dōmi > dūmh > N. dū | ✧ SD/302 |
| ekti > ekte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√EKTI > ᴹQ. ehte | ✧ Ety/EK |
| glindi > glinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√GLINDI > glind > N. glinn | ✧ Ety/GLINDI |
| gwindi > gwinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√GWINDI > Ilk. gwind | ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI |
| gwindi > gwinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√GWINDI > winde > ᴹQ. vinde | ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI |
| gwindi > gwinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√GWINDI > bind > N. binn | ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI |
| karani > karane | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶karani > N. caran | ✧ Ety/KARÁN |
| kiríssi > kirísse | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√KIRÍS > N. criss | ✧ Ety/KIRIS |
| kiríssi > kirísse | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√KIRÍS > N. criss | ✧ EtyAC/KIR |
| kjabi > kjabe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√KYAB > ᴹQ. tyave | ✧ PE22/102 |
| kʰitʰi > kʰitʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶khīt(h)i > ᴹQ. híse | ✧ Ety/KHIS |
| kʰitʰi > kʰitʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶χīsi > ᴹQ. híse | ✧ PE21/32 |
| kʰītʰi > kʰītʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶khīt(h)i > N. hîth | ✧ Ety/KHIS |
| labi > labe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LAB > ᴹQ. lave | ✧ PE22/102 |
| lambi > lambio | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lamƀĭ- > ᴹQ. lambe | ✧ PE21/9 |
| lepti > lepte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LEPET > ᴹQ. lepse | ✧ Ety/LEP |
| lepti > lepte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lepti > ᴹQ. lepse | ✧ Ety/LEP |
| liŋgwi > liŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶liñwi > ᴹQ. lingwe | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋgwi > liŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶liñwi > Dor. líw | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋgwi > liŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LINGWI > Dor. ling | ✧ EtyAC/LIW |
| liŋgwi > liŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > N. lhim | ✧ Ety/LIW |
| liŋkwi > liŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LINKWI > ᴹQ. linqe | ✧ Ety/LINKWI |
| liŋkwi > liŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LINKWI > N. lhimp | ✧ Ety/LINKWI |
| lubbu > lubbo | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lubbŭ > ᴹQ. luppo | ✧ PE19/45 |
| lugi > luge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√LUG > ᴹQ. lue | ✧ PE22/102 |
| lugni > lugne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lugni > Dor. luin | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| lugni > lugne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lugni > Dor. lūn | ✧ EtyAC/LUG² |
| lugni > lugne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lugni > Dan. lygn | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| lugni > lugne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lugni > ᴹQ. lúne | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| lugni > lugne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶lugni > N. lhûn | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| maɣiti > maɣite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶maʒiti > ᴹQ. maite | ✧ Ety/MAƷ |
| maɣiti > maɣite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶maʒiti > ON. maite | ✧ Ety/MAƷ |
| makili > makile | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶makili- > N. megil | ✧ EtyAC/MAK |
| mini > mine | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√MINI > N. min | ✧ Ety/MINI |
| mitʰi > mitʰe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√MITH > N. mith | ✧ Ety/MITH |
| mǭri > mǭre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶mǭri > Ilk. môr | ✧ Ety/MOR |
| mori > more | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶mori > ᴹQ. more | ✧ Ety/MOR |
| mǭri > mǭre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶mǭri > ᴹQ. móre | ✧ Ety/MOR |
| mǭri > mǭre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶mǭri > N. maur | ✧ Ety/MOR |
| mori > more | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶mori > N. †môr | ✧ Ety/MOR |
| ndaki > ndake | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√NDAK- > ᴹQ. nake | ✧ PE22/112 |
| neiti > neite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶neı̯ti- > ᴹQ. níte | ✧ Ety/NEI |
| neiti > neite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶neı̯ti- > N. nîd | ✧ Ety/NEI |
| neŋgwi > neŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > Dor. nîw | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| neŋgwi > neŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > ᴹQ. nengwe | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| neŋgwi > neŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > nemb > N. nem | ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI |
| nindi > ninde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√NIN-DI > ᴹQ. ninde | ✧ Ety/NIN-DI |
| nindi > ninde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√NIN-DI > N. ninn | ✧ Ety/NIN-DI |
| niŋkwi > niŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ninkwi > ᴹQ. ninqe | ✧ Ety/NIK-W |
| niŋkwi > niŋkwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√NIK-W > N. nimp | ✧ Ety/NIK-W |
| orni > orne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > Dor. orn | ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI |
| orni > orne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > ᴹQ. orne | ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI |
| orni > orne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > N. orn | ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI |
| pʰoroti > pʰorote | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶phoroti > ᴹQ. forte | ✧ Ety/PHOR |
| pʰoroti > pʰorote | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶phoroti > N. forod | ✧ Ety/PHOR |
| riŋgi > riŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√RINGI > Dor. ring | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| riŋgi > riŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√RINGI > ᴹQ. ringe | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| riŋgi > riŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√RINGI > ON. ringe | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| riŋgwi > riŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√RINGI > ᴹQ. ringwe | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| riŋgwi > riŋgwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√RINGI > rhimb > N. rhim | ✧ Ety/RINGI |
| riŋki > riŋke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶rinki > ᴹQ. rinke | ✧ Ety/RIK(H) |
| riŋki > riŋke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶rinki > N. rhinc | ✧ Ety/RIK(H) |
| sedi > sede | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√SED > ᴹQ. sere | ✧ PE22/102 |
| sjadi > sjade | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√SYAD > ᴹQ. hyare | ✧ PE22/102 |
| slindi > slinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶slindi > thlind > N. thlinn | ✧ Ety/SLIN |
| tindōmi > tindōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ√DOM > tindumh > tindu > N. tinnu | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| tʰindi > θinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶thindi > ᴹQ. sinde | ✧ Ety/THIN |
| tʰindi > tʰinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶thindi > Ilk. thind | ✧ Ety/THIN |
| tʰindi > tʰinde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶thindi > thind > N. thinn | ✧ Ety/THIN |
| windi > winde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶windi > ᴹQ. vinde | ✧ Ety/WIN |
| windi > winde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶windi > winde > ᴹQ. vinde | ✧ EtyAC/WIN |
| windi > winde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶windi > gwind > N. gwinn | ✧ Ety/WIN |
| windi > winde | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴹ✶windi > gwind > N. gwinn | ✧ EtyAC/WIN |
| aŋgu > aŋgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√ANGWA > ᴹQ. ango | ✧ Ety/ANGWA |
| attu > atto | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶atū > ᴹQ. atto | ✧ Ety/ATA |
| jagu > jago | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶yagu- > N. ia | ✧ Ety/YAG |
| jūju > jūjo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√YŪ > ᴹQ. yūyo | ✧ Ety/YŪ |
| jūju > jūjo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√YŪ > N. ui- | ✧ Ety/YŪ |
| kulu > kulo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√KULU > ᴹQ. kulo | ✧ Ety/KUL |
| kʰēru > kʰēro | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√KHER > ON. khēro | ✧ Ety/KHER |
| malu > malo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶smalu > ON. malo | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| mbundu > mbundo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶mbundu > ᴹQ. mundo | ✧ Ety/MBUD |
| mbundu > mbundo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶mbundu > bund > N. bunn | ✧ Ety/MBUD |
| orku > orko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶órku > Dor. urch | ✧ Ety/ÓROK |
| orku > orko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶órku > ᴹQ. orko | ✧ Ety/ÓROK |
| orku > orko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶órku > ON. orko | ✧ Ety/ÓROK |
| ranku > ranko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶ranku > ᴹQ. ranko | ✧ Ety/RAK |
| raŋku > raŋko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶ranku > ON. ranko | ✧ Ety/RAK |
| smalu > smalo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶smalu > ᴹQ. malo | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| smalu > smalo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶smalu > ON. smalo | ✧ EtyAC/SMAL |
| suglu > suglo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶suglu > ᴹQ. súlo | ✧ Ety/SUK |
| suglu > suglo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶suglu > N. sûl | ✧ Ety/SUK |
| suktu > sukto | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√SUK > N. sûth | ✧ Ety/SUK |
| telku > telko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√TÉLEK > N. telch | ✧ Ety/TÉLEK |
| tūgu > tūgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tūgu > tūgh > Ilk. tū | ✧ Ety/TUG |
| tūgu > tūgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tūgu > ᴹQ. tuo | ✧ Ety/TUG |
| tūgu > tūgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tūgu > ON. tūgo | ✧ Ety/TUG |
| tulku > tulko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tulku > ᴹQ. tulko | ✧ Ety/TULUK |
| tumbu > tumbo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tumbu > N. tum | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| tumpu > tumpo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√TUMPU > ᴹQ. tumpo | ✧ Ety/TUMPU |
| tumpu > tumpo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ√TUMPU > N. tump | ✧ Ety/TUMPU |
| tundu > tundo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tundu > ᴹQ. tundo | ✧ Ety/TUN |
| tundu > tundo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tŭndŭ > ᴹQ. tundo | ✧ PE21/8 |
| tundu > tundo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶tundu > tund > N. tunn | ✧ Ety/TUN |
| turúŋku > turuŋko | -Sŭ > -So | ✶turunku > ON. trunko | ✧ PE21/80 |
| utubnu > utubno | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶Utubnu > Ilk. Uduvon | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| utubnu > utubno | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶Utubnu > ᴹQ. Utumno | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| utubnu > utubno | -Sŭ > -So | ᴹ✶Utubnu > N. Udūn | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| utupnu > utupno | -Sŭ > -So | ✶Utupnŭ > Q. Utumno | ✧ MR/69 |
ᴱ✶short final [i], [u] became [e], [o]; [-{ĭŭ}] > [-{eo}]
References ✧ PE12/4, 8-9
Order (00600)
| After | 00400 | final [ǝ] vanished | ||
| After | 00500 | final [j], [w] became [i], [u] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| akajri > akajre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√KAYA > ᴱQ. akaire | ✧ QL/46 |
| alalmi > alalme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√ALA² > ᴱQ. alalme | ✧ QL/29 |
| awri > awre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√AWA > ᴱQ. aure | ✧ QL/33 |
| awti > awte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√AW̯A > ᴱQ. aute | ✧ QL/33 |
| aɸti > aɸte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√AFA > [aft]yǝ > ᴱQ. apte | ✧ QL/29 |
| bonti > bonte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√POT-I > ᴱQ. ponte | ✧ QL/75 |
| boti > bote | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√POT-I > ᴱQ. pote | ✧ QL/75 |
| ekti > ekte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶ektĭ > ᴱQ. ekte | ✧ GL/18 |
| ekti > ekte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√EKE > ᴱQ. ekte | ✧ QL/35 |
| eŋkʷi > eŋkʷe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√EŊE > ᴱQ. enqe | ✧ QL/36 |
| gʷassi > gʷasse | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√GWASA > ᴱQ. ’wasse | ✧ QL/103 |
| gʷiŋgi > gʷiŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√GWIŊI > ᴱQ. ’wingi- | ✧ QL/104 |
| gʷinwi > gʷinwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√GWINI > ᴱQ. ’winwe | ✧ QL/104 |
| gʷōri > gʷōre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√GWORI > ᴱQ. ’wōre | ✧ QL/104 |
| ɣari > ɣare | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. are | ✧ QL/32 |
| iki > ike | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√I > ᴱQ. ike | ✧ QL/41 |
| illi > ille | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√ILI² > ᴱQ. ille | ✧ QL/42 |
| iŋwi > iŋwe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√IWI > ᴱQ. ingwe | ✧ QL/43 |
| kalki > kalke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√KALA > ᴱQ. kalke | ✧ QL/44 |
| kanti > kante | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶kantya > ᴱQ. kante | ✧ PE13/140 |
| koðʲti > koðʲte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√KOẎO > ᴱQ. koite | ✧ QL/48 |
| kṛni > kṛne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > ᴱQ. karne | ✧ QL/48 |
| kʷilli > kʷille | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√QILI¹ > ᴱQ. qille | ✧ QL/77 |
| lalli > lalle | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LALA > ᴱQ. ‽lalle | ✧ QL/50 |
| lawista- > lawista- | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LAW̯A > ᴱQ. loista | ✧ QL/52 |
| lawiti > lawite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LAW̯A > law̯iti- > ᴱQ. loite | ✧ QL/52 |
| lawki > lawke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LAWA > ᴱQ. lauke | ✧ QL/52 |
| lawti > lawte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LAWA > ᴱQ. laute | ✧ QL/52 |
| leɣʷki > leɣʷke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LEẆE > ᴱQ. leuke | ✧ QL/53 |
| lojri > lojre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LOY̯O > ᴱQ. loire | ✧ QL/56 |
| lōki > lōke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LOKO > ᴱQ. lōke | ✧ QL/55 |
| lōmi > lōme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LOMO > ᴱQ. Lōme | ✧ QL/55 |
| louri > loure | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LOU̯RI > ᴱQ. laure | ✧ QL/51 |
| loxti > loxte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LOHO > ᴱQ. lokte | ✧ QL/55 |
| lunti > lunte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LUTU > ᴱQ. lunte | ✧ QL/57 |
| luxmi > luxme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√LUHU > ᴱQ. lūme | ✧ QL/56 |
| makti > makte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MAHA > ᴱQ. makte | ✧ QL/57 |
| makti > makte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MAHA > ᴱQ. †makte | ✧ QL/57 |
| mani > mane | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MANA > ᴱQ. mane | ✧ QL/58 |
| mati > mate | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶mati > ᴱQ. mate | ✧ PE14/70 |
| mburi > mbure | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶mbúrya: > ᴱQ. mure | ✧ PE13/139 |
| mili > mile | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MILI > ᴱQ. mile | ✧ QL/61 |
| mḹki > mḹke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MḶKḶ > ᴱQ. malke | ✧ QL/62 |
| mṇgi > mṇge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MṆGṆ > ᴱQ. mange¹ | ✧ QL/62 |
| mōri > mōre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√MORO > ᴱQ. mōre | ✧ QL/62 |
| ŋaðʲki > ŋaðʲke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NAẎA > ᴱQ. naike | ✧ QL/65 |
| ṇði > ṇðe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ᴱQ. ande | ✧ QL/31 |
| neli > nele | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NELE > ᴱQ. nele | ✧ QL/65 |
| niŋkʷi > niŋkʷe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NIQI > ᴱQ. ninqe | ✧ QL/66 |
| nōri > nōre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NŌ > ᴱQ. nōre | ✧ QL/66 |
| noti > note | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√NOTO > ᴱQ. note | ✧ QL/68 |
| olmi > olme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√OLO³ > ᴱQ. olme² | ✧ QL/69 |
| ori > ore | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√ORO² > [or]ı̯ǝ > ᴱQ. ore | ✧ QL/70 |
| owli > owle | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶OWO > ᴱQ. Aule | ✧ QL/34 |
| pekti > pekte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√PEKE > ᴱQ. pekte | ✧ QL/73 |
| piŋkʷi > piŋkʷe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√PIKI > ᴱQ. pinqe | ✧ QL/73 |
| pojmi > pojme | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√POYO > ᴱQ. ‽poime | ✧ QL/75 |
| poli > pole | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√POL-I > ᴱQ. pole | ✧ QL/75 |
| putsi > putse | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√PU(HU) > ᴱQ. putse | ✧ QL/75 |
| rimpi > rimpe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√RIPI > ᴱQ. rimpe | ✧ QL/80 |
| saθʲki > saθʲke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SAẎA > ᴱQ. saike | ✧ QL/82 |
| siloini > siloine | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SILI > ᴱQ. siloine | ✧ QL/83 |
| sini > sine | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SINI > ᴱQ. Sine | ✧ QL/83 |
| siŋi > siŋe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SIŊI > ᴱQ. singe | ✧ QL/83 |
| sḹki > sḹke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SḶKḶ¹ > ᴱQ. salki | ✧ QL/84 |
| sṇti > sṇte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SṆTṆ > -ẏe > ᴱQ. sinte | ✧ QL/85 |
| sukti > sukte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√SUKU > ᴱQ. sukte | ✧ QL/86 |
| tambi > tambe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TAMA > ᴱQ. tambe | ✧ QL/88 |
| taŋgi > taŋge | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TAŊA > ᴱQ. tange | ✧ QL/89 |
| tekti > tekte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TEKE > ᴱQ. tekte | ✧ QL/90 |
| telpi > telpe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TELPE > ᴱQ. telpe | ✧ QL/91 |
| tendi > tende | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TENE > ᴱQ. tende | ✧ QL/91 |
| teteli > tetele | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ✶tet’li > ᴱQ. telte | ✧ GL/70 |
| tiwri > tiwre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TIW̯I > ᴱQ. tiure | ✧ QL/93 |
| -tuli > -tule | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TULU > ᴱQ. -tule | ✧ QL/95 |
| tuŋki > tuŋke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TUN+Kǝ > ᴱQ. tunke | ✧ QL/95 |
| θorni > θorne | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√ŠORO² > ᴱQ. sorne | ✧ QL/86 |
| tʲūri > tʲūre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TYU > ᴱQ. tyūre | ✧ QL/50 |
| tʲūti > tʲūte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√TYU > ᴱQ. tyūte | ✧ QL/50 |
| xoxri > xoxre | -Sĭ > -Se | ‽ᴱ√HUHU > ᴱQ. hóre | ✧ QL/41 |
| ɸajri > ɸajre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√FAYA > ᴱQ. faire | ✧ QL/37 |
| βani > βane | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VANA > ᴱQ. vane | ✧ QL/99 |
| βassi > βasse | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VASA > ᴱQ. vasse | ✧ QL/100 |
| βi > βe | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VĪ > ᴱQ. ve | ✧ QL/101 |
| βiti > βite | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VITI > ᴱQ. vite | ✧ QL/101 |
| βḹki > βḹke | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VḶKḶ > ᴱQ. valke | ✧ QL/101 |
| βḷti > βḷte | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VḶTḶ > ᴱQ. -vilte | ✧ QL/102 |
| βōri > βōre | -Sĭ > -Se | ᴱ√VŌRI > ᴱQ. vōre | ✧ QL/102 |
| balu > balo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√PALA > ᴱQ. palo | ✧ QL/71 |
| ðʲuru > ðʲuro | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√ẎURU > ᴱQ. yuro | ✧ QL/106 |
| gṛgu > gṛgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ✶grgu- > ᴱQ. karko | ✧ PE13/144 |
| kaɣʷku > kaɣʷko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√KAẆA > ᴱQ. kauko | ✧ QL/45 |
| kampu > kampo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ✶kampu- > ᴱQ. kampo | ✧ PE14/66 |
| luksu > lukso | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√LUKU > ᴱQ. lukso | ✧ QL/56 |
| malu > malo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√MALA¹ > [mal]wǝ > ᴱQ. malo | ✧ QL/58 |
| mḹku > mḹko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√MḶKḶ > ᴱQ. malko | ✧ QL/62 |
| nṇgu > nṇgo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√NṆGṆ > ‽nṇg·ẇǝ > ᴱQ. nungo | ✧ QL/66 |
| ṇtu > ṇto | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√MATA > ᴱQ. anto | ✧ QL/31 |
| ouru > ouro | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ✶ourū̆ > ᴱQ. auro | ✧ PE13/155 |
| pilmu > pilmo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√PILI¹ > ᴱQ. pilmo | ✧ QL/74 |
| rēðu > reðo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√reðe > ᴱQ. rēro | ✧ QL/79 |
| resru > resro | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ✶res-rŭ > rerro > ᴱQ. rēro | ✧ QL/79 |
| situ > sito | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√SITI > ᴱQ. sito | ✧ QL/84 |
| sṛku > sṛko | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√SṚKṚ > ᴱQ. sarko | ✧ QL/86 |
| xenu > xeno | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√HEN+U > ᴱQ. heno | ✧ QL/40 |
| xʷenu > xʷeno | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√HEN+U > ᴱQ. feno | ✧ QL/38 |
| ɸṇðu > ɸṇðo | -Sŭ > -So | ᴱ√FṆÐṆ > ᴱQ. fando | ✧ QL/38 |